Binzhou City 300KG UAV Large Building Materials Lifting Technology Efficient Construction Guide

With the advancement of Binzhou City's low-altitude economic strategy, drone hoisting of building materials has become a key pilot scenario. With the advantages of "direct air access, flexibility and efficiency", the 300KG-class load-bearing drone has effectively solved the "last mile difficulty", "mountain/high-altitude transportation risks" and "low capacity efficiency" in traditional building materials transportation. Based on the characteristics of the construction environment in Binzhou City and combined with the technical characteristics of 300KG drones, this guide standardizes the lifting construction process from aspects such as operation preparation, technical operation, safety control, and emergency response, and helps improve construction efficiency and safety levels.

1. Scope of application and core advantages

(1) Applicable scenarios

This guide is applicable to 300KG-level drone building material lifting operations for various construction projects within Binzhou City. It is especially suitable for the following scenarios: high-rise building exterior wall material supply, mountain photovoltaic power station bracket transportation, remote area engineering sand/rebar transfer, scenic area construction material delivery and other areas that are difficult to cover with traditional machinery. Building materials that can be lifted include steel bundles, cement bags, small prefabricated parts, steel pipes, etc., and the single rated lifting weight does not exceed 300KG.

(2) Core technical advantages

1. Efficiently break through terrain restrictions: No need to rely on ground roads, direct point-to-point air transportation is possible, which is more than 50% more efficient than traditional human transportation. A single lifting only takes 2-4 minutes, significantly shortening the construction period.； 2. Sufficient safety redundancy: It adopts a multi-rotor eight-axis design and is equipped with a 20-meter range and obstacle avoidance system. It has strong wind resistance and is suitable for the wind field environment of Binzhou City's plains and shallow hilly terrain. ； 3. Green and low-carbon adaptation: Pure electric drive has zero emissions, and the flight noise is lower than traditional machinery, which meets the green construction requirements of Binzhou City. ； 4. Flexible and convenient deployment: The machine arm is compact in size after disassembly, making it easy to transport in small construction sites. It supports various lifting methods such as automatic landing and automatic throwing.

2. Preparation before operation

(1) Qualifications and approval compliance

1. Personnel qualifications: Operators need to hold a beyond-visual-range drone pilot license issued by the civil aviation department and a special hoisting certification, implement a two-person operation system (pilot + observer), clearly define the division of labor and establish a standardized password communication system； 2. Airspace approval: Apply for a flight plan to the air traffic control department 72 hours in advance, and verify the legality of the flight area through Binzhou City's "One Network and Unified Flight" low-altitude management platform. It is strictly prohibited to enter no-fly areas such as airport clearance areas and high-voltage line corridors. ； 3. Equipment access: UAVs must have airworthiness certification, hoisting devices (slings, hooks) must pass safety inspections, have a safety factor of ≥5 times, and ensure that the load capacity is ≥1.2 times the weight of the lifted object.

(2) Environment and load assessment

1. Environmental survey: On-site verification of meteorological conditions in the operating area, ground wind speed ≤8m/s, visibility ≥1km, and measured wind speed at the operating height (such as 50 meters) to avoid the "treetop wind speed" trap； When operating around a building complex, the flight height must be twice as high as the tallest building nearby to avoid the effects of downdrafts and turbulence. ； 2. Load confirmation: Accurately measure the weight of lifting building materials. Overloading is strictly prohibited (it is recommended to control at 80% of the rated load). Irregular objects need to adjust the center of gravity through counterweights to ensure that the center of gravity is directly below the hook. Liquid or loose materials require additional anti-flow fixation measures. ； 3. Path planning: Use 3D modeling to generate a digital twin model of the operating area, plan a smooth and gentle flight path, mark obstacles such as wires and branches, and set take-off and landing points, hovering points (error ≤ 0.1m) and emergency landing areas to ensure that the take-off and landing routes are clear and unobstructed.

(3) Equipment debugging and material support

1. Drone inspection: Check one by one that there are no cracks or deformations in the structural parts, no wear on the cables, no abnormal noise in the test motor operation, and calibrate the GPS signal and obstacle avoidance system.； The battery power must be full (replace immediately if it is below 80%), and prepare more than 3 sets of spare batteries. ； 2. Hoisting system test: Check the wear of the sling, test the function of the one-button emergency release device, and ensure the reliability of the hook safety device ； Adjust the length of the sling so that the horizontal angle of the hoisted object after it is lifted from the ground is <3° ； 3. Ground support: The take-off and landing points need to be hardened and marked with warning lines (radius ≥ 50 meters) to prevent irrelevant personnel from entering. ； Key spare parts such as propellers and spare batteries and basic maintenance tools are provided on site.

3. Core construction technical operating specifications

(1) Hoisting implementation process

1. Pre-hoisting test: conduct an unloaded test flight in a safe area to verify flight stability； Then conduct a light-load test hoisting, hover for 3 minutes to observe the load swing, and suppress the swing through the flight control "hanging mode" ； 2. Graded lifting: Adopt the "slow rise and slow descent" strategy, rise vertically at a low speed to a height of 5 meters and then hover and stabilize before moving. The flight speed does not exceed 2m/s, and a large radius is maintained for smooth transition when turning. ； Give priority to taking off and landing against the wind, keep the nose of the aircraft facing the wind when hovering in the air, and give priority to the crosswind direction when moving sideways. ； 3. Accurate delivery: After arriving at the target point, the pilot concentrates on maintaining the hovering posture. After the observer confirms that the delivery area is safe, he issues a delivery instruction. The delivery can be completed through automatic throwing or ground-assisted loose hooks to ensure positioning accuracy (horizontal error ≤ 2cm, vertical error ≤ 5cm).

(2) Efficient operation optimization skills

1. Path reuse: For repetitive lifting tasks, the optimal flight path is saved and fully autonomous lifting mode is enabled to reduce manual operation errors.； 2. Battery management: Adopt "rotation charging + backup battery" mode to avoid interruption of operations due to battery life, appropriately shorten a single operation time in high temperature environments, and reduce motor load ； 3. Human-machine collaboration: The ground hoisting team and the pilots are linked in real time to clear obstacles at the target release point in advance to ensure that "the machine is released as soon as it arrives and leaves as soon as it is released" and reduces the waiting time for hovering.

4. Core requirements for safety management and control

1. Real-time monitoring: The 4K high-definition camera and real-time image transmission system are turned on throughout the process. The ground station realizes millisecond-level data interaction through 5G, monitoring the drone's attitude, load status and battery power. If the motor temperature exceeds 60°C, it will be immediately stopped.； 2. Control of restricted areas: Set up a warning area in the operation area, arrange for dedicated personnel to be on duty, and strictly prohibit entry by unrelated personnel. The flight height generally does not exceed 120 meters. Binzhou City’s low-altitude flight height restrictions are strictly followed. ； 3. Record and archive: Each operation records the aircraft model, load, environmental parameters, flight time and abnormal conditions in detail. The data retention period is ≥ 1 year, and the operation strategy is regularly analyzed and optimized. ； 4. Maintenance specifications: Implement a "daily inspection and weekly maintenance" system, clean the motor daily to remove dust, lubricate the joint bearings weekly, and control the battery storage temperature at 15-25°C to avoid deep discharge.

5. Emergency response plan

(1) Equipment failure response

1. Power failure: Stabilize the attitude of the drone, use the remaining power to slowly lower the altitude, give priority to an open emergency landing area, and do not cut off the power directly at high altitudes； 2. Link interruption: Enable the "hover" mode of the failsafe, try to restart the remote control or switch the 4G backup link. The pilot must maintain visual observation and blind return is strictly prohibited. ； 3. Spreader failure: If the sling is stuck or the hook cannot be released, immediately activate the one-button emergency release device and abandon the load to ensure the safety of the drone.

(2) Disposal of environmental sudden changes

In the event of sudden severe weather such as strong winds or rainfall, the operation will be terminated immediately and the drone will be controlled to the preset emergency landing area.； If you encounter a lightning warning, land quickly, cut off the power supply of the equipment, and move to a safe shelter.

(3) Accident aftermath handling

In the event of an accident such as falling of suspended objects or damage to equipment, immediately initiate an evacuation plan, protect the site and submit a written report to the competent authority within 24 hours.； Synchronously review flight data, investigate the cause of the accident, and optimize prevention and control measures.